As people age, they begin to complain more of pains in their muscles and joints. They seem to stiffen up with age, and such commonplace activities as bending over for the morning paper can make them wince.

Such pain can grip so fiercely that they are sure it begins deep in their bones. But the real cause of stiffness and soreness lies not in the joints or bones, according to research at the Johns Hopkins Medical School, but in the muscles and connective tissues that move the joints.

The frictional resistance generated by the two rubbing surfaces of bones in the joints is negligible, even in joints damaged by arthritis.

Flexibility is the medical term used to describe the range of a joint’s motion from full movement in one direction to full movement in the other. The greater the range of movement, the more flexible the joint.

If you bend forward at the hips and touch your toes with your fingertips, you have good flexibility, or range of motion of the hip joints. But can you bend over easily with a minimal expenditure of energy and force? The exertion required to flex a joint is just as important as its range of possible motion.

Different factors limit the flexibility and ease of movement in different joints and muscles. In the elbow and knee, the bony structure itself sets a definite limit. In other joints, such as the ankle, hip, and back, the soft tissue—muscle and connective tissue—limit the motion range.

The problem of inflexible joints and muscles is similar to the difficulty of opening and closing a gate because of a rarely used and rusty hinge that has become balky.

Hence, if people do not regularly move their muscles and joints through their full ranges of motion, they lose some of their potential. That is why when these people will try to move a joint after a long period of inactivity, they feel pain, and that discourages further use

What happens next is that the muscles become shortened with prolonged disuse and produces spasms and cramps that can be irritating and extremely painful. The immobilization of muscles, as researchers have demonstrated with laboratory animals, brings about biochemical changes in the tissue.

However, other factors trigger sore muscles. Here are some of them:

1. Too much exercise

Have you always believed on the saying, “No pain, no gain?” If you do, then, it is not so surprising if you have already experienced sore muscles.

The problem with most people is that they exercise too much thinking that it is the fastest and the surest way to lose weight. Until they ache, they tend to ignore their muscles and connective tissue, even though they are what quite literally holds the body together.

2. Aging and inactivity

Connective tissue binds muscle to bone by tendons, binds bone to bone by ligaments, and covers and unites muscles with sheaths called fasciae. With age, the tendons, ligaments, and fasciae become less extensible. The tendons, with their densely packed fibers, are the most difficult to stretch. The easiest are the fasciae. But if they are not stretched to improve joint mobility, the fasciae shorten, placing undue pressure on the nerve pathways in the muscle fasciae. Many aches and pains are the result of nerve impulses traveling along these pressured pathways.

3. Immobility

Sore muscles or muscle pain can be excruciating, owing to the body’s reaction to a cramp or ache. In this reaction, called the splinting reflex, the body automatically immobilizes a sore muscle by making it contract. Thus, a sore muscle can set off a vicious cycle pain.

First, an unused muscle becomes sore from exercise or being held in an unusual position. The body then responds with the splinting reflex, shortening the connective tissue around the muscle. This cause more pain, and eventually the whole area is aching. One of the most common sites for this problem is the lower back.

4. Spasm theory

In the physiology laboratory at the University of Southern California, some people have set out to learn more about this cycle of pain.

Using some device, they measured electrical activity in the muscles. The researchers knew that normal, well-relaxed muscles produce no electrical activity, whereas, muscles that are not fully relaxed show considerable activity.

In one experiment, the researchers measured these electrical signals in the muscles of persons with athletic injuries, first with the muscle immobilized, and then, after the muscle had been stretched.

In almost every case, exercises that stretched or lengthened the muscle diminished electrical activity and relieved pain, either totally or partially.

These experiments led to the “spasm theory,” an explanation of the development and persistence of muscle pain in the absence of any obvious cause, such as traumatic injury.

According to this theory, a muscle that is overworked or used in a strange position becomes fatigued and as a result, sore muscles.

Hence, it is extremely important to know the limitations and capacity of the muscles in order to avoid sore muscles. This goes to show that there is no truth in the saying, “No pain, no gain.” What matters most is on how people stay fit by exercising regularly at a normal range than once rarely but on a rigid routine.

The body is flexible. It is supposed to be flexible. You must be able to bend and reach that something you dropped on the floor. You must be able to zip the back of your favorite dress on your own. You must be able to reach that book you need to read at the top shelf.

These are simple activities. Nothing grand about them, you merely stretched out a bit. However, if there are difficulties in doing such simple motions, then you have to stretch your limits. You already need a stretching program.

What Is Stretching?

Stretching is simply the act of extending to full length the body or simply a part of it. This activity involves straightening or stretching the structure or the limbs.

How Does One Do the Stretching?

Stretching is fairly easy. As mentioned in the introduction, it is involved in the normal activities. It can be done by any people, regardless of age.

However the extent of stretching and flexing differs. The muscles tighten as a person ages. The range of joint movements can be minimized. This can very well obstruct an on-the-go lifestyle. That is why as the person grows older, bending or flexing becomes more limited. This is why stretching regularly, as part of a routine is very important.

Simple stretches can be done everyday. It can be incorporated in the lifestyle and the daily activities. It does not require much of your time.

Stretching exercises can also be done while training. Actually, stretching is an essential part of any training or sport. It must be done first before anything else. Stretching the body and the limbs is a good preparation for a more rigorous activity.

Most athletes would do the sit and reach, wherein they position on the floor, extend their legs and reach the tip of their foot with the tip of their hand. Actually, most trainers actually require their athletes to really do the stretching before playing.

There is actually an ideal length of time in stretching. It is best to do it in 10 minutes. This will give the body enough opportunity to move and flex the muscles, thus preparing it for more complicated and strenuous movements.

Experts however would frown upon going way beyond 10 minutes. Stretching the exercise to 30 minutes or more will already wear out the body. This will not be favorable if one is preparing for a game.

What Are the Benefits of Stretching?

1. Increase the Range of Movement
As one constantly do the stretching exercises, the length of the muscles and the tendons are also increased. This will help in increasing the range of your movement. Thus, the limbs and joints will be able to move, way before an injury can take place. You are definitely physically fit.

2. Increased Ability to Perform Skills
When you have a wide range of movement, the more you will be able to do more things. For example, you can jump high without feeling any pain when you land back on the floor. This will also help you start a new sport or improve more if you are in one. Stretching in this aspect also allows you to have a more active lifestyle.

3. Injury Prevention
One can prevent injury to joints, tendons and muscles with stretching. When the muscles and tendons are well-flexed, they are considered in good working order. This will help in a faster recovery and decreased soreness. The muscles of the body will be able to take more exhausting and rigorous movements with less probability of being injured.

4. Reduce Muscle Tension
If the muscles are given their regular exercises and stretching, it is less likely that they will contract. This will definitely relieve you of any muscle pain or problems.

5. Enhance Energy
Being able to move more will also give you more energy. Stretching will also help enhance your awareness, like knowing that you have a body that is capable of doing many things. As such, you are going to be more driven to move rather than sulk in the corner.

6. Reduces Cholesterol
Research also shows that doing prolonged stretching exercises, like yoga, will help reduce the cholesterol in the body. This of course must be done with a healthy diet at hand. This could prevent and even reverse the hardening of the arteries, allowing you to avoid coronary diseases.

Incorporate stretching in your everyday lifestyle. It has benefits you can not say no to. It also does not require much. It can be your usual activities, bending and flexing every now and then. After all, your fitness is everything so do what it takes to keep the body healthy.

Do you want to have a stronger and more beautiful body? Then the best thing to do is get on your feet and start doing the resistance training.

What Is Resistance Training?

Resistance training involves activities that use weights, machines and even body weight to work out the muscles properly. It is also known as strength training or weight training. This can be very helpful in achieving a healthier body.

This kind of training is usually associated with athletes who have to build up their bodies. Most people would think that when resistance training is done, the body will grow bigger. Actually it will not. Resistance training is simply about increasing the strength of the body, not its size.

Actually, this can be practiced by anyone. It basically builds and tones the muscle to give the body a better look. This training program is even very much advisable to the elders. The usual training programs undergone by the elders are standing free-weights resistance or the moderate-intensity seated machine training.

How Does Resistance Training Work?

A resistance training program will include the use of various exercise equipment and machines like the bench press, dumbbell or barbell. When the equipment is used, the muscles of the body will be pitted against the weight. The cells of the body will then adapt to the extra weight. This will then result to hypertrophy or the enlarging and increasing of the nerve cells to help in the muscle contraction.

Before doing any resistance training, it will be best to consult first with the doctor. This goes especially for people who have medical conditions or are overweight. This kind of training is not something that you can explore on your own. You have to know the proper equipment for the needs of your body. The body must also be conditioned first before taking in the weights.

Resistance training can also be done without resorting to the equipment. Doing push-ups is one good example. You can do it just about anywhere where there is enough space for you to move. This time it is your own body weight that will be pitted against the muscles. So those who are a bit constrained in the budget can still do resistance trainings.

What Are the Benefits of Resistance Training?

1. Increase Bone Mineral Density
Bones are constantly remodeling, meaning the tissues break down at the same time they build up. The peak of remodeling takes place during puberty. However, as a person ages, there may be problems with the bone mineral density as the remodeling may not be as active anymore. This is especially a problem to post-menopausal women.

Bone mineral density is usually supported by the hormones. To address the problem of not having the hormones to maintain the bone mineral density, physical activity is the next best option. Resistance training is one physical activity that can address this.

2. Increase Strength
Strong bones and strong muscles will be developed as you undergo the resistance training program.

3. Increase the Range of Activities
When your body is strong enough to carry some considerable weight, then definitely you will also be capable of doing more strenuous activities. You are less likely to be lazy and you can live a more active lifestyle.

4. Reduce the Body Fat
Pitting the weights on your muscle will definitely give it the body the exercise it needs and get rid of the undesirable fats. Thus expect the tone of the body to improve. Even more, expect the body to look better, to be leaner.

5. Improve State of the Elders
For the elderly, undergoing a resistance training program will help improve their health and decrease the risks brought about by the age. They can be more independent, without needing to rely on other people for doing simple things. Being able to do so will also decrease the risk of injuries in the elders

6. Improve Heart Condition
Regularly doing resistance training can result to a lowered heart rate and lowered blood pressure, especially after exercise. The risk of heart diseases is reduced to a considerable extent.

This kind of training however must be properly done. It requires commitment and consistency. It will have to be done in a regular basis, following a schedule that the doctor or the physical trainer would recommend. If done incorrectly, the benefits of the program may not be enjoyed and it can even result the injury.

The key here is to simply take your time. Do things one step at a time correctly. As your body condition improves, then move on to more challenging tasks. The strength of the body and its overall look are at stake in the resistance training. So you better be sure to do it properly.

When the words oils and fats are mentioned, health-conscious individuals tend to run for cover. What they fail to realize is that there are good fats and bad fats. Complete avoidance of intake of oils and fats would actually be detrimental – rather than beneficial – to their health.

The Truth about Fish Oil
Essential fatty acids must always be part of our daily diet – without them, we take one step closer to our deaths. Essential fatty acids are divided into two families: omega-6 EFAs and omega-3 EFAS.

Although there are only very slight differences to distinguish the two groups of essential fatty acids from each other, studies have revealed that too much intake of omega-6 EFAs can lead to inflammation, blood clotting and tumor growth. The good news, however, is that the opposite is true for omega-3 EFAs. Omega-6 EFAs can be found in vegetable oils while omega-3 EFAs can be found in fish oils among other foods.

Omega-6 vs. Omega-3
Physicians and scientists are of the same opinion that the cause behind increasing cases of heart disease, hypertension or high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, premature aging and certain kinds of cancer is none other than an imbalanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 EFAs.

As mentioned earlier on, omega-6 EFAs can be found in vegetable oils. This includes but is not limited to corn oil and soy oil, both of which contains high amounts of linoleic acid. Omega-3 EFAs on the other hand can be found also in marine plankton and walnut and flaxseed oils. It should be significant to take note that fatty fish and fish oils contain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fatty acids that have been observed to provide many benefits to the human body. In the early 1970’s, a study on Greenland Eskimos have revealed that one of the major reasons why they rarely suffer from heart diseases is because of their high-fat diet (mainly composed of fish).

The two essential fatty acids, EPA and DHA, are also helpful in preventing atherosclerosis, heart attacks, depression and various forms of cancer. Fish oil supplemented food have also proven to be useful in treating illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Raynaud’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Other Benefits of Fish Oil
There are a lot more illnesses and situations in which intake of fish oil has proven to be significantly beneficial.

Making the Heart Healthier
The heart is inarguably one of the most important parts of our body and having an unhealthy heart means having to suffer a rather limited lifespan. Naturally, it’s in our best interests to keep our hearts happy and healthy and one way of doing that is eating food that contains fish oil.

In Athens, Greece, for instance, a study was made to show if there was a direct relationship between high fish diet and inflammation of blood vessels. The results revealed that those who ate more fish than the others had a lower level of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, factors that are commonly used to measure likelihood of blood vessel inflammation. These benefits remained even when the various risks associated with high fish diet were taken into account.

Fish to Become Thin
In Perth, Australia, a study had revealed that fish consumption can be used against hypertension and obesity. Researchers of the UWA (University of Western Australia) have discovered that a weight-loss diet which includes a regular amount of fish consumption can be quite effective in reducing blood pressure and improving glucose tolerance.

Fish Oil to Combat Asthma
People suffering from respiratory problems like asthma tend to be perceived as unfit and unhealthy. They should now be pleased to learn that certain studies have revealed the benefits of fish oil for asthma-burdened-individuals. Statistics show that approximately 20 to 25% of children today suffer one form of asthma or another at a certain point in their lives. And certain evidence reveals a regular diet of food with high linoleic acid content as the reason behind it.

Researchers of UW (University of Wyoming) conducted a study by subjecting a number of children to a high-fish diet while others continued with their regular diet. Results revealed that the participants who ate more fish were less prone to asthma attacks and were able to breathe more easily as well.

Consult Your Nutritionist Now
Nothing is good when consumed or used excessively but complete avoidance of a particular food type is equally harmful as well. Ask your nutritionist for the right amount of fish intake for your age and health status.

It seems to be a little disgusting when you are detoxing or cleansing. Your body shows some signs that you have built up toxins. These toxins can affect your whole body fitness and health.

There are times that you feel sluggish and feel the stressful. Your body may experience continuous aching, diarrhea, constipation, and feeling of clumsiness. Rapid weight gain and the incapacity to lose the excess weight can also be signs of having toxins in the body.

Moreover, the toxins found in the body are found and stored on your fat cells. For Americans who are taking the usual American diet, a person may consume 70 trillion garbage cans for each cell. In detoxing your body and cleaning that unwanted garbage in your cells, you should pay attention on your elimination organs.

There are particular organs in your body that deal on cell waste management. These organs play a major role in the detoxing process for a fit and healthy body.

1. Your liver is the organ that recycles the unwanted chemicals in the body. It sorts out the toxins and places them to the organ for elimination during the process of circulation. The principal elimination organs will back up the liver on where these toxins will be stored and then eliminated.

2. The lymph glands also play an important role in eliminating the toxins. A network of tubing brings out the excess waste of the cells from the body and to the final eliminating organs. The appendix, thymus, tonsil, and spleens are major lymphatic glands that help the major organs of the body in cleansing and detoxing.

3. The kidneys help in the water management of the body. They are the ones that keep the good chemistry of the blood alkaline by eliminating the dissolved acid waste. You can help your kidney to function very well by drinking plenty of water. It is much better if you drink fresh alkaline juices and purified water. You may take ½ ounce of alkaline everyday to see positive results on your body weight.

4. The lungs are the organs that keep the blood air purified. They allow the oxygen to go directly to the bloodstream. It is also responsible in removing waste gases that are found in every cell of the body. Deep breathing and fresh air is very helpful in keeping the lungs healthy and free from toxins. If you are in the urban area, it is recommended that you find an oxygen rich area where you can perform deep breathing.

5. The colon is a solid waste management organ in your body. Medical practitioners have found many peolpe that may have an 80-pound mucus and rubber like solid waste that are found on the walls of the colon. Detoxing and cleaning the colon can be a real tough thing to do. However, having a free waste colon can certainly provide you good benefits of having a clean and healthy body.

If you are experiencing some signs of detoxification, you may try doing a regular walking exercise. Exercise is a good key in having a fit and healthy body. Many diet doctors also suggest that you drink plenty of lemon water. This is an effective way of maintaining a very good circulation and can increase the rate of detoxification inside the body.

You may improve your health and have a physically fit body by getting into boxing training fitness programs. This is the best way for you to have a stronger body and gain confidence. Boxing workouts can help you to be at your best fighting form as well.

Many people see positive results from boxing trainings. You may build stronger and more defined arms and legs. These programs and classes also help you to gain a sense of inner strength and emotional balance.

Boxing training classes got across to the mainstream of physical fitness training a few years back. They have seen the benefits on the cardiovascular and toning of the muscles by these boxing training workouts. Tae bo work out videos also popularized these boxing and kickboxing exercises.

Cardio boxing training classes and the innovative variations of the sparring jabs, power punches, defense, and fitness has all blends of aerobics exercises. You will learn the proper execution of the punch and kick combinations for a more intensive workout that can help you become stronger and more confident.

The combinations you perform on the blocks, jabs, and kicks are executed to an imagined opponent. You may see classes where participants throw punches and kicks on the air. You will also find training camps that have quality equipment such as punching bags and you may also have the option of getting a partner that has padded hands.

You may also enjoy more benefits aside from the physical aspects of boxing trainings. Cardio kick boxing workouts allow you to burn out 350 to 500 calories in just an hour. It also helps maintaining the heart rate at 75 percent to 85 percent regular beat. This has been proven to be good and is the recommended range if you are exercising or into training.

Moreover, these boxing training classes improve your speed, resistance, and strength. Flexibility and the reflexes of the muscles are also enhanced. Repetitive motion on arms by sparring and jogging while you punch helps your arms and legs gain strength and power.

These workouts also enable your joint movements to build very efficient fitness results.
These movements require you to develop balance and coordination that enables your body to be stable and maintain a good form.

These physical benefits you gain from boxing and kickboxing are just few of the many benefits that they can provide. You will be able to learn more about defense mechanism skills, which you may use in case of unwanted instances. You will also feel the satisfaction when you punch or kick. Relaxation and self-motivation is also developed.

You will feel a sigh of relief and feel that you are released from stressed. It also helps you to get rid of that anger that is inside of you. Once these things are releases, you may feel lightness into your body and peace of mind as well.

Many aerobic and fitness experts recommend boxing training lessons for beginners. It allows you to workout on your desired pace and body condition. Boxing classes let you to push yourself to the limit as long as you are safe and well conditioned.

Positive results await you with boxing training. You will enjoy a physically fit body and will keep you in better shape. You have the option working out and exercising at your preferred level and skill. Enjoy the fun of these boxing training programs.

Tai Chi: The most popular form of exercise in China. It developed as a "soft" martial art in the early 1200s. It is now a component of traditional Chinese medicine and is practiced primarily for its health benefits. Tai chi consists of a precise sequence of slow, graceful movements, accompanied by deep breathing and mental attention to achieve balance between body and mind and to focus the qi (pronounced chee), or vital energy. A practitioner's weight is shifted while the body is kept stable and upright.

Because it can be practiced anywhere and by people of any age and physical ability, tai chi is an attractive exercise program for disabled or elderly people. Tai chi involves an energy expenditure equivalent to that of other low to moderate aerobic activities. Exercises can be completed in fifteen to twenty minutes and are ideally practiced twice a day.

Practitioners of tai chi report mood enhancement and physiological changes similar to those produced by other moderate forms of exercise. However, tai chi is uniquely beneficial for improving posture and balance. Because of this effect, tai chi may help prevent injuries from falling. Significant studies on this technique include the following:

One of the earliest studies done in 1982 by Dr. Lansheng Gong of the Shanghai Medical College, studied the electrocardiograms of one hundred tai chi practitioners and found benefits. However, he also noted that these beneficial effects did not seem attributable to the amount of physical exercise, and other mechanisms needed to be discovered.

A 1992 study by Dr. Shuk-kuen Tse and Dr. Diana M. Bailey concluded that tai chi helped improve balance among people who were largely sedentary. From a 1995 study by Dr. Jinshin Lai and associates, elderly tai chi practitioners showed significantly improved cardiorespiratory function, compared to sedentary subjects. However, another study found that tai chi conferred no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate.

An ongoing study by Dr. Kate Long at Stanford University School of Medicine will determine the potential applicability of tai chi for patients suffering from arthritis and fibromyalgia. A second study by Dr. William L. Haskell will evaluate the role of tai chi as compared to traditional Western exercise in improving the physical and psychological health of older men and women.

Well-designed research seems to conclude that tai chi, as a form of exercise for elderly people, may prove a valuable part of health maintenance programs, both for preventing falls and for maintaining fitness.

Qi Gong: Qi Gong (pronounced chee gong) is another ancient Chinese exercise involving physical movements and breathing exercises. An element of traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to circulate internal qi, which, according to Chinese medicine, is the vital energy that flows through the body in a system of subtle channels known as meridians. Qi Gong is intended to direct the internal qi, and promote health.

There are two basic kinds of Qi Gong, internal and external. Internal Qi Gong is used for self-healing and health maintenance. It can be performed in any position, including standing, sitting, walking, or even lying down. External Qi Gong is practiced by Qi Gong masters or Qi Gong doctors, and involves projecting the qi energy out of one's body to heal another.

In China, Qi Gong is used for disease prevention as well as therapy. Although the movements resemble those of tai chi, they do not flow smoothly from one to another, but consist of short sequences of movements that are repeated many times. Qi Gong has been studied in China for its impact on arthritis and cancer, and for general health maintenance.

Among conditions that reportedly benefit from Qi Gong are many health problems of elderly people, including high blood pressure, heart disease, ulcers, arthritis, and gastrointestinal ailments. The exercise also appears to help immune function. Studies on Qi Gong have suggested that many age-related changes can be affected through regular practice.

Included in the studies are: A twenty-year study in China by Wang, completed in 1993, reported benefits of lowered blood pressure. Patients using Qi Gong experienced a 50% decrease in death and illness from strokes.

Research in China by Sheng-han in 1994 indicated that Qi Gong was able to alter such physiological reactions as EEGs, EMGs, respiratory movement, heart rate, skin potential, skin temperature, sympathetic nerve function, stomach and intestinal function, and metabolic rate.

During a 1997 study by Dr. Wen-hsien Wu of the New Jersey Medical School, Qi Gong was helpful for patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy, a debilitating disease of the autonomic nervous system that often resists medical intervention. For these patients, Qi Gong significantly reduced pain and anxiety.

In a hospital in Beijing, ninety-three patients with advanced cancer were treated with a combination of drugs and Qi Gong exercises, while a control group was treated with drugs alone. 81% of the Qi Gong group showed a dramatic improvement in strength, 63% in appetite, and 33% were free from diarrhea, compared to improvements of 10%, 10%, and 6%, respectively, in the other group.

Our bodies are naturally designed for work. At one time our survival depended both on an ability to escape from danger and a capacity for hard work. Physical conditioning was the natural result of such a life. But modern conveniences have dramatically changed the way we use our bodies. Instead of working in the fields or chasing down dinner, many of us spend all day at a desk and our evenings in front of a television set.

Elevators and escalators have replaced staircases and vacuum cleaners have replaced rug beating. The automobile has become so much a part of our lives that in some areas anyone seen walking on the sidewalk is viewed with suspicion. So if our daily routine does not provide the necessary movement to keep us fit, we owe it to ourselves to find another alternative.

Using our bodies as they were meant to be used is an essential part of living a healthy and balanced life. Along with a proper diet, regular exercise helps prevent many diseases, lengthens life span, and improves the overall quality of life.

Our risk of developing one of the "illnesses of modern civilization" can be decreased by regular exercise. For some time now it has been known that exercising can reduce blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, improve the ratio of lean muscle to fat, and strengthen and increase the heart's efficiency. All of these effects decrease the chance of death due to cardiovascular disease. More recently, scientists have noted a possible connection between certain types of cancer and inactivity. And finally, regular exercise combined with a sensible diet is still the most effective way in combating obesity.

Women benefit from regular exercise in another important way - exercise reduces the risk of osteoporosis by increasing bone formation and delaying bone loss. For women who already have the condition, exercise can help stop the progression of the disease. And because regular exercise reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, it is helpful in controlling diabetes as well as in reducing the risk of adult-onset diabetes. Exercise also stimulates the secretion of other kinds of hormones that have been linked to decreases in clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression.

In addition, by improving circulation and nourishing tissues, exercise increases the range of movement of body joints, reduces the effects of stress and tension, and decreases or even cures insomnia. Of course there is some risk of injury with any kind of exercise. But the improved strength, balance, and coordination that comes from regular exercise greatly reduces the risk of all kinds of injuries.

Many activities can improve physical fitness, but some may be more suitable for you than others. A well-rounded fitness program should incorporate three basic components: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility. Following this guideline, any program you select should include exercises that increase heart and lung capacity, stretch tight muscle groups and strengthen weak ones.

Cardiorespiratory fitness refers to how well the lungs deliver oxygen to the blood and how well the heart and circulatory system send blood and its nutrients throughout the body.
Programs that develop heart and lung capacity are often referred to as being aerobic, and they accomplish their goal by elevating the heart rate for a sustained period.
Aerobic exercise typically serves as the foundation for any fitness program since a healthy heart and lungs are essential to the safe and skillful performance of almost all activities and sports.

Depending on your level of fitness and what you hope to achieve, most experts recommend a minimum of 20 minutes of aerobic exercise three to five days a week. You may choose any activity that uses large muscle groups that can be maintained continuously and that is cardiorespiratory in nature. Examples include brisk walking, swimming, sprinting, bicycling, cross-country skiing, skating, stair-climbing, hiking, dancing, basketball, and soccer.

Intensity, or the speed of the workout, is crucial and is measured by how fast the heart is made to beat. Usually the goal is to reach 65% to 90% of the exerciser's highest possible heart rate and sustain this rate for some length of time.

Muscular strength and endurance exercises use progressive resistance to increase the size and strength of muscle fibers, resulting in a greater physical ability to perform work. Free weights are typical examples of the types of resistance equipment used in building strength. Push-ups, chin-ups, and curls produce similar results, but require no special equipment since they utilize the body's own weight as the source of resistance.

Despite popular conceptions, strength and endurance training is not just for weight lifters, boxers, and body-builders, but is an effective way of improving general fitness, converting fat to muscle, and increasing metabolic rate.

Stretching is an aspect of fitness that is often neglected. Many people choose activities that focus on strength and cardiorespiratory fitness but little in support of flexibility. However, most physical fitness professionals consider it an important element in achieving top physical performance. Some people are naturally less limber than others; to avoid strain or injury, the safest flexibility exercise is a slow, sustained stretch.

Flexibility training is all about increasing the range of motion around a joint. Many things determine a joint's flexibility, including the structure of the joint and the resilience of the attached muscles and connective tissue. As muscles become stronger through exercise, they also become tighter. That is, unless flexibility training is done. On this basis, gentle stretching may reduce the tightening effect of strength training and other endurance activities, as well as reduce the risk of injury.

The only way to lose weight successfully is to make a slow, sustained effort over months or even years. Similarly, the only way to prevent weight gain is to eat sensibly and maintain physical activity in a steady commitment indefinitely. This kind of commitment changes your life! You will start to gauge your success according to the long term – not the “I must loose weight by next week” short term mindset. You'll realize that such short-term dreams are unrealistic, because those first few pounds are only water loss and probably will be quickly regained. The real measure of success is losing body fat, and this takes a concerted, sustained commitment from both your physical and emotional bodies.

Yoga Exercises: The Yogic school of exercises, called asans, was developed for the body to maintain balanced mental and physical health. Yoga asans apply pressure to the glandular system of the body. This helps the body to stay strong and totally balanced. This glandular pressure also promotes the release of the chemicals, called endorphins, that cause feelings of well-being in the brain. This aspect of Yoga practice can be very helpful in relieving depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Yoga asans help to improve strength, flexibility, vitality, posture, and muscle tone, which will help you look and feel better, the idea being that the road to health lies in your own body. Yoga exercise contributes to a preventive system that helps avoid many common health problems associated with overweight, especially those that increase with age.

Yoga Breathing: Yoga breathing techniques nourish your inner body by helping to reduce anxiety and depression and create calm, clear, and creative thinking. Breathing techniques are designed to cleanse the nervous system, making its full function available for body needs. Breathing exercises also develop a depth of sensitivity which is very helpful in dealing with your inner emotional spiritual body. The effects are especially noticeable when you spend some extra time trying to begin a new relationship with yourself.

Many people first come to Yoga in order to reduce their stress responses. This is a wonderful "side effect" of practicing Yoga that will help you learn how to cope with the inevitable anxieties of life, especially when you are undergoing the additional stress of trying to lose weight. Many times, our usual response to stress is to eat; you will learn how to retrain yourself so that you will feel the same comforting feelings by doing breathing or meditation as you will from eating something that is not going to help you.

Yoga Meditation: Yoga meditation techniques increase self-awareness and augment the balanced, calming effects of exercises and breathing techniques. Meditation is practiced so that the physical body and all inner conversation are silenced for a short time. This allows the intuitive voice, which is the language of the inner emotional body, to speak. This then is the gateway for expression that the inner spiritual body seeks, and it provides comfort and guidance from within.

The best way yet discovered to lower the resting heart rate is, paradoxically, to make it beat faster during short periods of exercise. This exertion strengthens the heart so that it performs more efficiently at lower rates. This lowered heart rate is called the "bradycardia" of training.

Marathon runners and other endurance athletes characteristically have low heart or pulse rates. Heart rates below 40 have been recorded in superior athletes. A heart rate below 40 is usually suspected to be a pathological condition caused by a conduction disturbance in which the nerve impulses have difficulty passing through the tissues of the heart. There is the story of one athlete who stunned an examining physician and a consulting cardiologist when they found his pulse rate to be only 34 beats a minute. At first they wouldn't let him exercise. But after careful study of the athlete under laboratory conditions, they decided that an extremely low heart rate was perfectly healthy for him.

The heart is strengthened two ways during exercise, first by improving the quality of the heart muscle, called the myocardiurn, and second by increasing the coordination of the fibers as they wring blood out of the heart during each beat. The heart works something like a wet towel when you wring the water out of it.

To demonstrate the action, put the fingers of the left hand into the palm of the right hand, and squeeze those fingers with the right hand, just as the muscles of the heart squeeze against the blood. If all the fingers squeeze together with the same amount of force, the fingers of your other hand will be tightly compressed. If the fingers squeeze weakly and out of concert, the compression won't be nearly as forceful.

Each squeezing finger represents a group of heart fibers. If they all move in a continuous, rhythmic manner, then each set of fibers has less work to do. The fibers are like athletes: they need training. When they're unused, they're uncoordinated. Some of the fibers become lazy, so others have to work harder and more frequently in order to move the blood around in required quantities. In exercise, you have an increased return of blood from the veins, which gives the heart resistance to beat against. It's the resistance, or loading, that causes the heart to develop.

The heart too needs its "overload" if it is to be conditioned. To achieve this "overload," you must pursue an activity that pushes your heart rate to a level a little higher than you get in everyday routine activities. Your goal is to eventually get your pulse up to 120 and hold it there for a few minutes - every day, if possible. Milder exercise is better than nothing, but not sufficient to increase your heart's vigor.